Judges Chapter 20 describes one of the darkest chapters in Israel’s history—a civil war sparked by the heinous crime committed in Gibeah, a town of the tribe of Benjamin. The chapter recounts the Israelite tribes uniting against their own brethren, leading to a devastating conflict that highlights the consequences of unchecked sin, division, and the pursuit of justice without mercy.
The gathering of the Israelite tribes.
Following the horrific events of Judges Chapter 19, where a Levite’s concubine was brutally abused and murdered in Gibeah, the Levite sends her dismembered body parts throughout Israel to call the tribes to action. The Israelites respond by assembling as one at Mizpah, from Dan to Beersheba, including the land of Gilead. A total of 400,000 foot soldiers gather, united in their determination to address the atrocity committed in Gibeah.
The Israelites demand that the tribe of Benjamin hand over the men of Gibeah responsible for the crime so they can be put to death and purge the evil from Israel. However, the Benjamites refuse, choosing instead to defend their kinsmen. This refusal sets the stage for a civil war, with the Benjamites mustering 26,000 warriors, including 700 elite left-handed slingers who could sling a stone at a hair and not miss.
The three battles.
The Israelites seek counsel from God at Bethel, asking who should lead the battle against Benjamin. The Lord answers that Judah should go first. Despite their superior numbers, the Israelites suffer a devastating defeat on the first day of battle, losing 22,000 men. On the second day, after seeking the Lord’s guidance again, they go up to fight once more but are defeated again, losing another 18,000 men.
Distressed and mourning their losses, the Israelites go to Bethel, where they fast, offer burnt offerings, and inquire of the Lord. This time, God tells them to go up against Benjamin once more and promises them victory. On the third day, the Israelites set an ambush around Gibeah. Using a strategic feigned retreat, they draw the Benjamites out of the city, and the ambush springs into action. The Israelites encircle the Benjamites and decisively defeat them, with only 600 men of Benjamin escaping to the wilderness.
The aftermath of the battle.
The Israelites destroy Gibeah and put the cities of Benjamin to the sword, killing men, women, children, and livestock, and burning everything in their path. The tribe of Benjamin is nearly wiped out, with only the 600 men who fled surviving. The chapter ends on a somber note, emphasizing the tragic cost of the conflict.
Theological reflections.
Judges Chapter 20 illustrates the devastating consequences of sin, division, and a lack of justice tempered by mercy. While the Israelite tribes were right to seek justice for the crime committed in Gibeah, their actions resulted in near-genocide and massive loss of life. This chapter serves as a stark reminder of the need for righteous judgment, wisdom, and unity among God’s people.
The impact of Judges chapter 20.
The civil war against Benjamin marks one of the lowest points in Israel’s history, showcasing the dire need for strong spiritual and moral leadership. The events of this chapter highlight the dangers of a society where “everyone did what was right in his own eyes” (Judges 21:25) and the importance of following God’s laws and guidance.
